Incidencia, circunstancias y consecuencias de caídas en sujetos con accidente cerebrovascular: un año de seguimiento / Incidence, circumstances and consequences of falls in subjects with stroke: One year of follow-up

Introducción: Luego del accidente cerebrovascular (ACV), una de las complicaciones más frecuentes son las caídas, impactando negativamente en la rehabilitación. Objetivos: Estudiar la incidencia, las circunstancias y las consecuencias de las caídas en sujetos con ACV hasta 12meses de iniciado el tratamiento kinésico ambulatorio. Materiales y métodos: Diseño prospectivo, serie de casos. Muestreo consecutivo. Pacientes ingresados en el Hospital de Día entre junio de 2019 y mayo de 2020. Se incluyeron: adultos con diagnóstico de primer ACV supratentorial y puntuación ≥3 en la Functional Ambulatory Category. Criterios excluyentes: otra afección que afecte la locomoción. Variables principales: número de caídas, circunstancias y consecuencias. Se midieron las características clínico-demográficas y funcionales. Resultados: Un total de 21 sujetos incluidos; 13 sufrieron al menos una caída. Reportaron 41 caídas: 15 fueron hacia el lado más afectado, 35 en el interior del hogar, 28 sin el equipamiento indicado, en 29 ocasiones estaban solos durante el evento y en 2 situaciones se requirió asistencia médica. Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05) en el desempeño funcional (equilibrio, velocidad de marcha) entre los que se cayeron con respecto a los que no. No se hallaron diferencias significativas entre la resistencia de la marcha y las caídas. Conclusión: Más de la mitad sufrieron caídas, estando solos, hacia el lado más débil y sin el equipamiento indicado. Con esta información se podría disminuir la incidencia desarrollando medidas preventivas.(AU)

Introduction: Falls are among the most frequent complications following stroke (CVA), and have a negative impact on rehabilitation. Objectives: To study the incidence, circumstances, and consequences of falls in stroke patients up to 12months after starting outpatient kinetic treatment. Materials and methods: Prospective design, case series. Consecutive sampling. Patients admitted to the day hospital between June 2019 and May 2020. Included: adults with a diagnosis of first supratentorial stroke and functional ambulatory category score ≥3. Exclusion criteria: other condition affecting locomotion. Main variables: number of falls, circumstances, and consequences. Clinical, demographic, and functional characteristics were measured. Results: Twenty-one subjects were included, 13 suffered at least one fall. The subjects reported 41 falls: 15 were to the most affected side, 35 inside the home, 28 without the indicated equipment, they were alone when the event occurred on 29 occasions, and in two situations medical assistance was required. There were statistically significant differences (P<.05) in functional performance (balance, gait velocity) between those who fell and those who did not. No significant differences were found between gait endurance and falls. Conclusion: More than half suffered a fall, alone, to the weaker side, and without the appropriate equipment. With this information the incidence could be reduced by preventive measures.(AU)

Late detection of a shigellosis outbreak in a school in Madrid.

Even though shigellosis in Spain is rare, an indigenous outbreak is occasionally detected. We describe an outbreak in a school in Madrid caused by person-to-person transmission of Shigella sonnei. After the detection of Shigella sonnei in a stool sample from a 3 year old girl, an investigation at her school was initiated. Questionnaires were distributed to the parents of 520 pupils attending the school. A case was defined as a school case if it was the first case in a child's household, and as a household case if other members of the household had fallen ill first. We identified 88 cases (60 pupils and 28 of their family members). The attack rate (AR) was 12% in the school and 32% in the families. There was a significant association between higher AR and lower age. The outbreak lasted for two months. The length and the shape of the epidemic curve of the 60 cases in pupils suggests person-to-person transmission. Shigella sonnei isolated from 5 different cases were typed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and was found to be an identical strain. The prolonged duration of the outbreak was probably due to delayed detection, and stopped as soon as control measures were introduced.

Utilidad de la incubación prolongada y de los subcultivos terminales de hemocultivos de pacientes inmunocomprometidos / Utility of prolonged incubation and terminal subcultures of blood cultures from immunocompromised patients

The value of blind terminal subcultures (7 and 30 days) and prolonged incubation (30 days) of blood cultures from immunosuppressed patients was analyzed in the Fundación Favaloro, the Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia and the Hospital de Niños Ricardo GutiÚrrez. A total of 2707 blood cultures and 369 patients were included (transplantation of solid organs 154, oncohematologic disorders 106 and solid tumors 109). Bact-Alert bottles were incubated at 35 degrees C for 30 days in the Bact-Alert System. Bottles with positive signals were routinely removed, and aliquots of the broth were Gram stained and subcultured aerobically in chocolate agar and Sabouraud agar. A total of 136 bacteremic episodes were obtained. The positivization time of blood cultures was 81.6 at 24 h, 93.3 at 48 h, 94.5 at 72 h and 97.7 within 7 days. Only 3 (2.2) episodes were positive by blind terminal subcultures and 1 (0.75) by prolonged incubation (14 days). The median time and range of positivization in hours were 13.8 and 2.2-168, respectively. The microorganisms isolated were coagulase negative staphylococci (n = 24), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 22), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 21), Escherichia coli (n = 18), Acinetobacter spp (n = 9), Candida spp (n = 8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 6), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 5), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 5), Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella spp and Capnocytophaga sputigena (n = 2), Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecium, Citrobacter diversus, Candida albicans, Klebsiella oxytoca, Chryseomonas luteola, Serratia marcescens, Abiotrophia spp, Campylobacter jejuni, Moraxella catarrhalis, Moraxella urethralis, Neisseria sicca, beta hemolytic group G streptococci, Rhodococcus equi, Micrococcus spp, Cryptococcus neoformans and Streptococcus mitis (n = 1). In our experience, blind terminal subcultures and prolonged incubation of blood cultures from immunosuppressed patients are unnecessary and cost expensive.

Utilidad de la incubación prolongada y de los subcultivos terminales de hemocultivos de pacientes inmunocomprometidos / Utility of prolonged incubation and terminal subcultures of blood cultures from immunocompromised patients

The value of blind terminal subcultures (7 and 30 days) and prolonged incubation (30 days) of blood cultures from immunosuppressed patients was analyzed in the Fundación Favaloro, the Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia and the Hospital de Niños Ricardo GutiUrrez. A total of 2707 blood cultures and 369 patients were included (transplantation of solid organs 154, oncohematologic disorders 106 and solid tumors 109). Bact-Alert bottles were incubated at 35 degrees C for 30 days in the Bact-Alert System. Bottles with positive signals were routinely removed, and aliquots of the broth were Gram stained and subcultured aerobically in chocolate agar and Sabouraud agar. A total of 136 bacteremic episodes were obtained. The positivization time of blood cultures was 81.6 at 24 h, 93.3 at 48 h, 94.5 at 72 h and 97.7 within 7 days. Only 3 (2.2) episodes were positive by blind terminal subcultures and 1 (0.75) by prolonged incubation (14 days). The median time and range of positivization in hours were 13.8 and 2.2-168, respectively. The microorganisms isolated were coagulase negative staphylococci (n = 24), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 22), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 21), Escherichia coli (n = 18), Acinetobacter spp (n = 9), Candida spp (n = 8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 6), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 5), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 5), Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella spp and Capnocytophaga sputigena (n = 2), Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecium, Citrobacter diversus, Candida albicans, Klebsiella oxytoca, Chryseomonas luteola, Serratia marcescens, Abiotrophia spp, Campylobacter jejuni, Moraxella catarrhalis, Moraxella urethralis, Neisseria sicca, beta hemolytic group G streptococci, Rhodococcus equi, Micrococcus spp, Cryptococcus neoformans and Streptococcus mitis (n = 1). In our experience, blind terminal subcultures and prolonged incubation of blood cultures from immunosuppressed patients are unnecessary and cost expensive.(AU)

Miocardiopericarditis en psitacosis humana. / Myocardiopericarditis in human psittacosis

Se presenta un caso clinico de psitacosis caracterizado por una neumonia multisegmentaria derecha, teniendo como particularidad una miocardiopericarditis sin severo compromiso hemodinamico. Son destacables sintomas y signos compatibles con compromiso encefalico, no pudiendo descartarse que esto forma parte de la agresion ocasionada por la Chlamydia. La agresion miocardica pudo evidenciarse especialmente por los datos aportados por la enzimologia y las imagenes ecocardiograficas. El diagnostico etiologico fue hecho recurriendo a los elementos que aporto la clinica, a los titulos francamente positivos de la reaccion de Bedson y a la seroconversion tanto en ascenso, como la declinacion de los mismos en la convalescencia para llegar a negativizarse.Otro elemento importante fue la respuesta espectacular a la administracion de tetraciclinas sirviendo esto practicamente como prueba terapeutica. Como hecho original senalamos el poder haber detectado la agresion miocardica utilizando el dosaje de la isoenzima cardiaca de la CPK, no estando esto relatado en comunicaciones anteriores que tambien objetivaron la localizacion miocardica en psitacosis en el ser humano

Miocardiopericarditis en psitacosis humana. / Myocardiopericarditis in human psittacosis

Se presenta un caso clinico de psitacosis caracterizado por una neumonia multisegmentaria derecha, teniendo como particularidad una miocardiopericarditis sin severo compromiso hemodinamico. Son destacables sintomas y signos compatibles con compromiso encefalico, no pudiendo descartarse que esto forma parte de la agresion ocasionada por la Chlamydia. La agresion miocardica pudo evidenciarse especialmente por los datos aportados por la enzimologia y las imagenes ecocardiograficas. El diagnostico etiologico fue hecho recurriendo a los elementos que aporto la clinica, a los titulos francamente positivos de la reaccion de Bedson y a la seroconversion tanto en ascenso, como la declinacion de los mismos en la convalescencia para llegar a negativizarse.Otro elemento importante fue la respuesta espectacular a la administracion de tetraciclinas sirviendo esto practicamente como prueba terapeutica. Como hecho original senalamos el poder haber detectado la agresion miocardica utilizando el dosaje de la isoenzima cardiaca de la CPK, no estando esto relatado en comunicaciones anteriores que tambien objetivaron la localizacion miocardica en psitacosis en el ser humano